Foundation

Foundation Science & Design and Tech – Materials on Country

Students explore the relationship between various materials and their respective properties. They investigate the knowledges First Nations Peoples have about combining different materials for different purposes, and how the properties of materials affect their use.

v9.0 AC9SFU03, AC9SFH01, AC9SFI01, AC9SFI03, AC9SFI05, AC9TDEFK01
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Foundation Science & HASS – Caring for Country: how Indigenous scientific observation and cultural practices support ecosystems

This unit explores the special, reciprocal relationship First Nations Peoples have with Country. It investigates how Indigenous scientific knowledge, gained through observation of the environment, has informed cultural and land management practices for millennia enabling the land, sea, plants, animals and humans to survive and thrive.
ACHASSK016, ACSHE013
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Foundation English, Science & Visual Arts – Looking at and listening to our world

Students observe places and engage with art to develop scientific understandings of their own place and the continuity of seasons. They consider Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspectives and the limitations of applying European seasons in an Australian setting. The resource can be adapted to include local Indigenous knowledge.
ACELY1650, ASCSU004, ACAVAR109
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Foundation Science & Health and PE – Bush toys: investigating how size and shape affects movement

Students investigate and observe how the size and shape of Indigenous instructive toys influences their movement by making simple toys and engaging with indoor and outdoor games. Students also look at the role toys play in the cultural life and education of First Nations children.
ACSSU005, ACSHE013, ACPPS007
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Paper Propeller

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Year 1

Y1 Science, Design and Technologies & Maths – First Nations toys and games

Students play First Nations games, discover First Nations toys and investigate the forces of pushing and pulling through movements such as throwing, hitting, spinning and rolling. They design and make a toy using natural materials applying their knowledge of forces and First Nations games.

v9.0 AC9S1U03, AC9S1I01, AC9S1I02, AC9S1I03, AC9TDE2K02, AC9M1ST02
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Y1 Science & English – Knowing Country

This unit explores the important information First Nations Peoples collect and communicate from observing the natural environment. Students will identify and make connections to what we observe, why we observe, how we observe and ways to communicate observations.

v9.0 AC9S1U02, AC9S1H01, AC9S1I03, AC9S1I05, AC9S1I06, AC9E1LA08, AC9E1LE04
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Y1 Science & HASS – Observing and living with the seasons

This unit guides learners to explore seasons, both Western and Indigenous, through observation, community research, hands-on activities and critical thinking. Indigenous seasonal knowledge was essential in the past for living well, and remains important today in order to live with and look after Country for future generations.
ACSHE021, ACHASSK032, ACSSU019, ACHASSI019
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Y1 Science & Music – Exploring the science of sound with Indigenous instruments

Students explore how sounds are produced using Indigenous musical instruments and learn how First Nations people produce musical instruments using sustainable natural materials. Students demonstrate their learning by creating an instrument of their own using sustainable materials and sharing how the instrument produces sound.
ACSSU018, ACSSU020, ACSHE022
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Y1 Science, HASS & Visual Arts – How Indigenous knowledge is represented and communicated through art and design

Students explore the diversity of Indigenous art, analysing how symbols, patterns, shape and colour are used to record and communicate cultural, spiritual, historical and geographical knowledge. Students explore how to use these same design components to communicate information about their own lives within their local landscape.
ACSIS029, ACHASS1024, ACAVAR109
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Y1 English & Science – Tracking meanings from cultures and Country

Students will be immersed in First Nations stories, art and dance and reflect on how this can enrich their own communication and understanding. They will learn how to use features such as animal tracks, visual patterns, rhyme, descriptive words and movement to read the world and communicate meanings to others.
ACELT1581, ACELT1585, ACSSU017, ACSIS213, ACELA1444
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Year 2

Y2 Science, Design and Tech & HASS – Exploring changes to materials

Students investigate ways materials can be physically changed through hands-on learning. They develop understanding by predicting, observing and discussing the results of changes. Students learn about changes First Nations Peoples make to natural materials and use this knowledge, and exploration, to design their own object from natural materials.

v9.0 AC9S2U03, AC9S2I01, AC9S2I04, AC9TDE2K03, AC9HS2K02
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Y2 Maths, Science & Visual Arts – Measurement on Country

Students explore length using both variable and uniform informal units of measurement and investigate ways First Nations people use measurement in everyday life. Students create a weaving artwork using informal measurement to share their learning with others.

v9.0 AC9M2M01, AC9S2I03, AC9AVA2E02
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Y2 Science & Media Arts – Patterns in astronomy

Students explore how cultural stories of First Nations Peoples of Australia describe the patterns in the changing positions of the sun, moon and stars. Students recognise that astronomers use patterns of movement of celestial objects in the sky.

v9.0 AC9S2H01, AC9S2U01, AC9S2I04, AC9S2I06, AC9AMA2D01, AC9AMA2C01
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Y2 HASS & Science – Indigenous toys used by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children

Students learn about the types of toys used by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, methods used in making them, and the push and pull forces involved in using them. Students design and make a toy boat using sustainable materials and race them to test their designs.
ACHASSK046, ACSSU031, ACSSU033
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Y2 Science & HASS – Living things: making connections with the world around us

This scientific investigation into living things explores reciprocity between Country and First Nations Peoples. Students learn about local plants and animals through observation, data collection and research; and unpack sophisticated belief, kinship and knowledge systems some First Nations people use to understand and care for Country.

ACSSU030, ACSIS037, ACSHE034, ACHASSK049
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Year 3

Y3 Science, English & Media Arts – Life cycles

Students learn how First Nations Peoples understand and use the life cycle of living things sustainably. They develop an understanding and appreciation for the diversity of life through personal observation, investigation and creative writing.

v9.0 AC9S3U01, AC9S3I01, AC9S3I02, AC9S3I06, AC9E3LY02, AC9E3LY05, AC9E3LY06, AC9AMA4C01, AC9AMA4C02
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Y3 Science & Design and Tech – Scientific knowledge helps people develop effective and sustainable products

Students explore the use of scientific knowledge for the development of effective and sustainable techniques and products in First Nations communities over thousands of years. Students learn how knowledge of the change in state between solid and liquid through heating is used to adapt materials when creating a range of products.
ACSSU046, ACSHE051, ACTDEP014
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Y3 Science, HASS & Health and PE – Heat transfer – now we’re cooking!

Students explore heat and heat transfer, identifying examples in their everyday lives, and observe cooking methods at home as examples of heat transfer. Students learn about First Nations cooking methods to better understand the cultural importance that‘s woven into the cooking and sharing of food in many communities.
ACSSU049, ACSIS053, ACSIS054, ACHASSK062, ACHASSI059, ACPPS042
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Year 4

Y4 Science, HASS, Drama, Dance, Visual Arts & Media Arts – Protectors of the rainforest

Students examine the ecological importance of the Daintree Rainforest and learn about the Daintree’s Traditional Custodians – Eastern Kuku Yalanji People. Students also learn how, as a decomposer and keystone species, the southern cassowary regenerates the Daintree Rainforest by distributing seeds.

v9.0 AC9S4U01, AC9HS4K01, AC9HS4K05, AC9ADR4C01, AC9ADA4E02, AC9AVA4E02, AC9AMA4C01, AC9AMA4D01, AC9AMA4E02
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Y4 Science & HASS – Caring for water

Students learn about water and the ways it enriches life. They explore how water’s perceived, valued and how it connects places in the environment. In looking at how First Nations Peoples understand and care for water, students develop their appreciation for water and water places, to learn to care for and sustain these places.

v9.0 AC9S4H02, AC9S4U02, AC9S4I01, AC9S4I04, AC9S4I06, AC9HS4K01, AC9HS4K05, AC9HS4K06
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Y4 Maths & Science – Patterns tell stories

Students explore the relationship between pattern and symmetry in mathematical equations and as a tool to estimate and predict outcomes. Students will appreciate the central role that pattern, symmetry, and scientific thinking and processes in mathematics and science play in Indigenous life and cultures.
ACMMG091, ACSHE061
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Y4 Science, HASS & Design and Tech – Properties of materials

Students investigate properties of natural materials through investigation, experiments and research. They learn how First Nations Peoples apply scientific knowledges to create tools, clothing and artworks. Students learn how the diversity of Australia’s materials defines the design of everyday items.
ACSSU074, ACHASSK083, ACTDEK010, ACTDEK011, ACTDEK013
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Year 5

Y5 Science – Erosion and weathering

Students learn how we can use scientific knowledge of erosion and weathering to better protect and preserve sites of cultural significance of First Nations Peoples. Students experiment on different materials to see erosion and weathering in action.

v9.0 AC9S5U02, AC9S5I01, AC9S5I02, AC9S5I03, AC9S5I04, AC9S5I06, AC9S5H01
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Y5 Science – Cultural ecology

Students explore how First Nations Peoples use knowledges of the structural features and behaviours of some animals and plants. They learn about Australia’s unique plant and animal diversity, and how First Nations Peoples to use and manage this through ancestral knowledge systems and practices.

v9.0 AC9S5I06, AC9S5I01, AC9S5U01
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Y5 Science & HASS – Sustainable solutions: how Indigenous knowledge can lead to better land and water management in Australia

Students explore sustainable Indigenous resource management practices. Students engage with perspectives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples about how relationship to Country shapes decision-making, and they examine a geographical site to show how the environment was altered to sustain ways of living.
ACSHE083, ACHASSK120, ACHASSK112
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Y5 Science – Indigenous stories of the night sky

In this science resource, students will test predictions by gathering data and using evidence to develop explanations of observable facts and events. They’ll examine First Nations Peoples’ contributions to, and the importance of, Indigenous astronomy stories and knowledge to understand phenomena from the land, sky, sea and waterways.
ACSHE081
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Year 6

Y6 Science – Habitats, change and survival

This unit explores the relationship between habitats and survival of living things and how the knowledges of First Nations Peoples about Country allowed different species to thrive for millennia. Students investigate changing physical conditions by creating their own experiment.

v9.0 AC9S6U01, AC9S6H01, AC9S6I01, AC9S6I06, AC9S6I02
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Y6 Science – Learning from Indigenous fire management practices

Students learn about Indigenous ecological knowledge and fire management practices. They investigate how Indigenous knowledge continues to be used today to look after plants, animals and the landscape; and how the science of reversible or irreversible change applies.
ACSHE100, ACSSU094, ACSSU095
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Year 7

Y7 Science – Fire and biodiversity

Students explore their local environment by surveying biodiversity and creating food webs. They investigate the differences between various types of fire, including cultural burning, and how such fires affect biodiversity in their local region.

v9.0 AC9S7U02, AC9S7H01, AC9S7H04, AC9S7I01, AC9S7I03, AC9S7I04
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Y7 Science – Biological sciences: Indigenous classification and understanding food webs

Students compare and contrast First Nations Peoples’ different approaches to classifying organisms and the Western scientific approach known as the Linnaean system. They explore how different classification systems might inform our knowledge of the ecological interactions between organisms, including food chains and food webs.

ACSSU111, ACSSU112, ACSHE119, ACSHE223, ACSHE121, ACSIS125
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Y7 Science – Separating mixtures

Students explore ancient and contemporary chemistry techniques that people, including First Nations Peoples of Australia, use to separate substances from mixtures. They investigate how particles in pure substances and mixtures can be modelled and how differences in the properties of substances can be used to separate mixtures.
ACSSU113, ACSHE223, ACSHE120, ACSHE121, ACSIS125
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Y7 Science – The cycles of Earth and space

Students explore how First Nations Peoples recognise cycles on Earth and in space, and how they utilise them in daily life. They’re given opportunities to compare and contrast this with the Western scientific understanding of the same phenomena, through a variety of hands-on science activities.
ACSSU115, ACSHE121, ACSIS124, ACSIS125, ACSIS126, ACSIS129, ACSIS130, ACSIS133
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Y7 Science – Forces and motion

Students explore how First Nations Peoples use unbalanced forces to enhance motion in the design of everyday objects. They’re given opportunities to understand the physics of motion through a variety of hands-on science activities that are underpinned by First Nations pedagogy.

ACSSU117, ACSHE223, ACSIS130, ACSIS131, ACSIS133
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Year 8

Y8 Science – Geological events of Australia

This unit explores the cultural accounts of geological features and events by First Nations Peoples, and how these histories have been preserved for millennia. Students research and locate volcanoes around Australia and compare creation stories against the geological evidence found today.

v9.0 AC9S8U03, AC9S8I04
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Y8 Science – Rocking Country

In this geology unit, students explore how rocks are formed and change over time, alongside the importance of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ geological knowledges and rock selection. Students understand the importance of protecting culturally significant geological sites.

v9.0 AC9S8U04, AC9S8H02, AC9S8I02, AC9S8I04
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Y8 Science – Investigating First Nations people’s science knowledges in the production of pigments and dyes

Students investigate how First Nations people use geological knowledge and sophisticated mining techniques to extract ochre, and the chemical processes employed to make pigments and dyes. Students analyse how the colonisation of Australia impacts the sharing of Indigenous sciences and disrupts First Nations people’s connection to Country.
ACSSU225, ACSSU153, ACSHE226
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Y8 Science – Fire management and sustainability practices of First Nations Peoples

Students investigate how First Nations Peoples’ land and fire management techniques assist to maintain biodiversity, reduce the severity of bushfires and reduce carbon emissions. Students explore the use of renewable energies used by First Nations people in remote communities.
ACSSU155, ACSHE226, ACHSE135, ACSHE136
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Year 9

Y9 Science – Carbon dating First Nations history

Students examine how current carbon-dating science supports First Nations Peoples’ ancient oral histories of and long presence on this continent. Students research and present on ancient artefact locations and learn how advances in technologies are giving a greater insight into the continent’s past.

v9.0 AC9S9U06, AC9S9H02, AC9S9I02, AC9S9I07, AC9S9I08
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Y9 Science – Issues in feedback systems

In this biological sciences unit, students investigate disorders of feedback systems and effects on the development of products to address issues. Students research the relationships between First Nations healing and biomedical models in contemporary medical systems, and present findings to peers.

v9.0 AC9S9U01, AC9S9I07, AC9S9I01
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Y9 Science – Protecting Australian ecosystems

In this biological science unit, students explore the relationship humans have with ecosystems, focusing on the ways First Nations people have used and continue to use scientific knowledge to maintain ecosystems. Students investigate the use of fire to regulate biotic and abiotic factors in ecosystems, and as a land management technique.
ACSSU176, ACSHE157, ACSHE160, ACSIS164, ACSIS170
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Y9 Science – Heat transfer

Students investigate the principles of convection, conduction and radiation through a case study in possum skin cloaks, an important practical and cultural item for First Nations Peoples in south-eastern Australia. Students apply what they’ve learnt, as well as principles of biomimicry, to develop and test their own perfect insulators.
ACSSU182, ACSIS164, ACSIS165, ACSIS169, ACSIS170, ACSIS174
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Year 10

Y10 Science – The biological evolution of First Nations Peoples to the harsh Australian climate

The past tells how our ancestors migrated across the world and came to settle in Sahul. A story of resilience is uncovered through studying the biological evolution of First Nations Peoples. Genetic isolation and extreme climate changes have given rise to societies rich in archaeological histories.

v9.0 AC9S10U01, AC9S10U02, AC9S10H04, AC9S10I02
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Y10 Science – How Indigenous ecological practices can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions

Students learn how traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of First Nations Peoples is passed on through generations, and how collaboration with governments on climate change can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Students investigate the different fire management strategies and the reinstatement of TEK to protect Australian biodiversity.
ACSSU189, ACSHE192, ACSHE194
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Y10 Science – Exploring First Nations knowledges of celestial bodies

As the first astronomers in Australia, First Nations Peoples have rich knowledges and understanding of the night sky and how it affects the land. First Nations Peoples have used knowledges of the celestial bodies for navigation, weather predictions and explaining the universe's origin through sky stories.
ACSSU188
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Y10 Science – Toxic or edible?

This chemical science unit looks at the chemical processes First Nations people use across the continent to detoxify substances (such as seeds) to make them edible. It covers processes such as leaching and fermentation.

v9.0 AC9S10U07, AC9S10I04, AC9S10I08
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Australians Together Learning Framework

Take a deep dive into the Learning Framework and explore our vast array of First Nations stories, activities, resources, and more. Curate your own customised learning journey to unlock the truth of our past, prompt reflection about our present, and inspire meaningful action that will bring about a brighter shared future for our nation. 

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Injustice from the impact of colonisation.

Discover our curated collection of stories, articles and statistics that expose the injustices at the heart of our nation.

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How Indigenous ecological practices can help reduce emissions 
Our resources cover a wide array of topic - not just history. For example, this Year 10 science resource provides a lesson plan that explores how First Nations approaches are being used in the fight against climate change.

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