The 1967 Referendum was a landmark achievement for First Nations people. Following decades of First Nations and non-Indigenous activism, over 90% of Australians voted in favour of amending two sections of the Australian Constitution:

Section 51 (xxvi) The Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, have power to make laws for the peace, order, and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to: ... The people of any race, other than the aboriginal people in any State, for whom it is necessary to make special laws.

Section 127 In reckoning the numbers of the people of the Commonwealth, or of a State or other part of the Commonwealth, aboriginal natives should not be counted.